This file contains the data analysis as requested. I also developed a Dashboard in order to better display and interact with Outvio’s databases.
Regarding the data analysis, the first step is to load the required packages.
# Loading Packages
library('tidyverse') # Package for data manipulation
library('lubridate') # Manipulate date variables
library('plotly') # Package for data visualizationAfter that, it is time to read and import the data. After import databases using R, it was necessary to fix some variables types and create useful features.
# Reading data ----
# Packages - Reading CSV data
packages <- read.csv('data/packages.csv', na.strings=c("NA","NaN", ""))
# Products - Reading CSV data
products <- read.csv('data/products.csv', na.strings=c("NA","NaN", ""))
# Shipments - Read CSV data and fix date formats
shipments <- read.csv('data/shipments.csv', na.strings=c("NA","NaN", "")) %>%
mutate(createdAt = lubridate::date(createdAt),
deliverDate = lubridate::date(deliverDate),
estimatedDeliverDate = lubridate::date(estimatedDeliverDate),
pickupDate = lubridate::date(pickupDate),
processDate = lubridate::date(processDate),
deliveryTime = as.numeric(difftime(deliverDate, createdAt, units = "days")), # Create DeliveryTime as the difference in days between createdAt and deliverDate
predictedDiff = as.numeric(difftime(estimatedDeliverDate, deliverDate, units = "days")), # Time difference between predicted and delivered dates
delayed = ifelse(deliverDate > estimatedDeliverDate, 'Delayed', 'On Time')) # Create a variable that classifies delivered orders into Delayed or On TimeTaking a look at some informations to better know data, look for missing data and outliers.
It is important to ensure data quality before proceeding data analysis. There is some missing columns on all datasets, and would be interesting to check with the team responsible for those informations if it is ok. Since I don’t have full context about data origin and tracking I won’t remove rows based on missing values, as long as crucial information about shipiments, packages and products (X_id, packages, products) are present.
Some packages don’t present the package code, so woun’t be possible to join those with the products data.
#Shipments missing values per column
sapply(shipments, function(y) sum(length(which(is.na(y))))) %>% as.data.frame()#Packages missing values per column
sapply(packages, function(y) sum(length(which(is.na(y))))) %>% as.data.frame()#Products missing values per column
sapply(products, function(y) sum(length(which(is.na(y))))) %>% as.data.frame()Apparently, mostly of the shipments present on the database were created at March 25. Taking a first look, the deliver time seems to be under control, since the major part of those shipments were delivered at March 27.
Would be interesting to deep dive those number in order to understand how couriers and methods impact the deliver time.
# Created shipments per day
shipments %>%
group_by(createdAt) %>%
summarise(count = n_distinct(X_id)) %>%
plot_ly(y = ~count,
x = ~createdAt,
type = 'bar') %>%
layout(xaxis = list(title = 'Creation Date'),
yxis = list(title = '# of orders'),
title = '# of orders per creation date')# Delivered shipments per day
shipments %>%
group_by(deliverDate) %>%
summarise(count = n_distinct(X_id)) %>%
plot_ly(y = ~count,
x = ~deliverDate,
type = 'bar') %>%
layout(xaxis = list(title = 'Deliver Date'),
yxis = list(title = '# of orders'),
title = '# of orders per deliver date')Almost all packages weights less than 50 weight unities. It is possible to see some outliers weighting 200 weight unities.
# Created shipments per day
packages %>%
plot_ly(x = ~weight,
type = 'histogram')This section presents the resolution of the minimum requirements of this task.
DeuschePost presents the highest deliveryTime, followed by transaher and fedex.
shipments %>%
filter(!is.na(deliverDate)) %>% # Remove not delivered orders
group_by(courier) %>%
summarise(mean = mean(deliveryTime)) %>%
arrange(desc(mean))“dhl express - gpt - priority (packet tracked)” presents the highest deliveryTime.
shipments %>%
filter(!is.na(deliverDate)) %>% # Remove not delivered orders
group_by(courier) %>%
summarise(mean = mean(deliveryTime)) %>%
arrange(desc(mean))Assuming that 1 order is equal to one shipment, in average, each order presents 2.85 products.
shipments_aux <- shipments %>%
separate_rows(packages) %>%
filter(!packages %in% c('oid', ':', '')) # Unnest and create one row per package
packages_aux <- packages %>%
separate_rows(products) %>%
filter(!products %in% c('oid', ':', '')) # Unnest and create on row per product
products_per_order <- shipments_aux %>%
inner_join(packages_aux, by = c('packages' = 'X_id')) %>% # Join Shipments and Packages data
group_by(X_id) %>%
summarise(products = n_distinct(products)) %>% # Count # of products whithin each order
ungroup() %>%
summarise(products_per_order = mean(products))
c('In average, each order presents 2.85 products.')## [1] "In average, each order presents 2.85 products."In order to better explore the provided data bases, I formulate some questions to be answered through data analysis.
# Top 10 most popular Courier
shipments %>%
group_by(courier) %>%
summarise(count = n_distinct(X_id)) %>%
arrange(desc(count)) %>%
top_n(10) %>%
plot_ly(y = ~count,
x = ~reorder(courier,desc(count)),
type = 'bar') %>%
layout(yaxis = list(title = '# Orders'),
xaxis = list(title = 'Courier'),
title = '# of orders per Courier')# Top 10 most popular method
shipments %>%
group_by(method) %>%
summarise(count = n_distinct(X_id)) %>%
arrange(desc(count)) %>%
top_n(10) %>%
plot_ly(y = ~count,
x = ~reorder(method,desc(count)),
type = 'bar') %>%
layout(yaxis = list(title = '# Orders'),
xaxis = list(title = 'Method'),
title = '# of orders per Method')Comparing the effective deliver time with the predicted, 16% of the orders have been delayed through the analyze time period.
shipments %>%
mutate(const = 'Delayed?') %>%
filter(!is.na(delayed)) %>% # Remove not delivered orders
group_by(delayed, const) %>%
summarise(count = n_distinct(X_id)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(perc = count/sum(count)) %>% # Criando a visão percentual
plot_ly(y = ~perc,
x = ~const,
color = ~delayed,
type = 'bar') %>%
layout(barmode = 'stack') %>%
layout(yaxis = list(title = 'Percentage'),
xaxis = list(title = ''),
title = 'Percentage of delayed orders')The plot is comparing On Time delivered orders versus Delayed orders per courier. Envialia presents a difficult situation, since it is the most popular courier and, regarding the main couriers, is the one that presents more delayed orders.
shipments %>%
filter(!is.na(delayed)) %>% # Remove not delivered orders
group_by(delayed, courier) %>%
summarise(count = n_distinct(X_id),
predictedDiff = mean(predictedDiff)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
group_by(courier) %>%
mutate(perc = count/sum(count)) %>% # Criando a visão percentual
ungroup() %>%
plot_ly(y = ~count,
x = ~reorder(courier, desc(count)),
color = ~delayed,
type = 'bar') %>%
layout(barmode = 'stack') %>%
layout(yaxis = list(title = '# of Orders'),
xaxis = list(title = 'Courier'),
title = 'Delayed vs On Time orders per Courier')The plot is comparing On Time delivered orders versus Delayed orders per courier. Envialia presents a difficult situation, since it is the most popular courier and, regarding the main couriers, is the one that presents more delayed orders.
shipments %>%
filter(!is.na(delayed)) %>% # Remove not delivered orders
group_by(delayed, courier) %>%
summarise(count = n_distinct(X_id),
predictedDiff = mean(predictedDiff)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
group_by(courier) %>%
mutate(perc = count/sum(count)) %>% # Criando a visão percentual
ungroup() %>%
plot_ly(y = ~perc,
x = ~reorder(courier, desc(count)),
color = ~delayed,
type = 'bar') %>%
layout(barmode = 'stack')%>%
layout(yaxis = list(title = 'Percentage of orders'),
xaxis = list(title = 'Courier'),
title = 'Percentage of Delayed vs On Time orders per Courier')60% of the delayed orders were delayed by only one day. Almost 90% of the delayed orders were delayed by a maximum of 5 days.
shipments %>%
filter(delayed == 'Delayed') %>% # Remove not delivered orders
group_by(predictedDiff) %>%
summarise(count = n_distinct(X_id)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
mutate(perc = count/sum(count)) %>% # Criando a visão percentual
plot_ly(x = ~predictedDiff,
y = ~perc,
type = 'bar') %>%
layout(yaxis = list(title = 'Percentage of Orders'),
xaxis = list(title = 'Days of delay'),
title = 'Delayed days per delayed Packages - Predicted Deliver Date - Deliver Date')One option to estimate which are the top performers courier is to look for the orders volume of delivers versus delivery Time.
The following graph displays each Courier based on deliverTime and volume of orders. The lines represents the average order per courier and the average deliverTime.
Interpreting: Couriers at the top-left have more orders than average and lower deliveryTime, what could represent a good performance. On the other hand, couriers at the top-right presents high volume of orders but a deliveryTime above the average.
The top-right courier is ups. Since it’s a courier that has a high number of orders, it would be important to understand what is causing that increase on time.
Also interesting is the fact that envialia is the main Courier in terms of number of orders. But, taking into account only On Time orders, mrw presents the highest absolut number of orders.
# Found the average number of orders and the average deliver Time per courier
avg_order <- shipments %>%
filter(!is.na(deliverDate) & delayed == 'On Time') %>% # Remove not delivered orders or delayed orders
group_by(courier) %>%
summarise(volume = n_distinct(X_id),
deliveryTime = mean(deliveryTime)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
summarise(mean_time = mean(deliveryTime),
mean_orders = mean(volume))
# Dispaly plot comparing # of orders vs avg deliver time
shipments %>%
filter(!is.na(deliverDate) & delayed == 'On Time') %>% # Remove not delivered orders
group_by(courier) %>%
summarise(volume = n_distinct(X_id),
deliveryTime = mean(deliveryTime)) %>%
plot_ly(x = ~deliveryTime,
y = ~volume,
text = ~courier,
color = ~courier) %>%
layout(title = 'Couriers - Orders vs Deliver Time - Considering only On Time orders',
showlegend = FALSE,
shapes = list(list(
type = "line",
y0 = 0,
y1 = 1,
yref = "paper",
x0 = 3.88,
x1 = 3.88,
line = list(color = "gray")
), list(
type = "line",
x0 = 0,
x1 = 1,
xref = "paper",
y0 = 110,
y1 = 110,
line = list(color = "gray")
)),
xaxis = list(title = 'Avg. Deliver Time',
showgrid = FALSE,
zeroline = FALSE,
showticklabels = FALSE),
yaxis = list(title = 'Number of orders',
showgrid = FALSE,
zeroline = FALSE,
showticklabels = FALSE))Reproducing the same vision for methods, the result looks the same, since couriers almost always have only one relevant shipping method.
# Found the average number of orders and the average deliver Time per courier
avg_order <- shipments %>%
filter(!is.na(deliverDate) & delayed == 'On Time') %>% # Remove not delivered orders or delayed orders
group_by(method) %>%
summarise(volume = n_distinct(X_id),
deliveryTime = mean(deliveryTime)) %>%
ungroup() %>%
summarise(mean_time = mean(deliveryTime),
mean_orders = mean(volume))
# Dispaly plot comparing # of orders vs avg deliver time
shipments %>%
filter(!is.na(deliverDate) & delayed == 'On Time') %>% # Remove not delivered orders
group_by(method) %>%
summarise(volume = n_distinct(X_id),
deliveryTime = mean(deliveryTime)) %>%
plot_ly(x = ~deliveryTime,
y = ~volume,
text = ~method,
color = ~method) %>%
layout(title = 'Methods - Orders vs Deliver Time - Considering only On Time orders',
showlegend = FALSE,
shapes = list(list(
type = "line",
y0 = 0,
y1 = 1,
yref = "paper",
x0 = 3.88,
x1 = 3.88,
line = list(color = "gray")
), list(
type = "line",
x0 = 0,
x1 = 1,
xref = "paper",
y0 = 110,
y1 = 110,
line = list(color = "gray")
)),
xaxis = list(title = 'Avg. Deliver Time',
showgrid = FALSE,
zeroline = FALSE,
showticklabels = FALSE),
yaxis = list(title = 'Number of orders',
showgrid = FALSE,
zeroline = FALSE,
showticklabels = FALSE))First, it is necessary to join all the data tables. It was necessary to unnest the packages column in the shipment data table and unnest the products column in the packages table. Also, i’m removing products that have price equals to 0.
The median order contains 61 euros products inside. However, there are outliers. Some orders contains 1000+ euros products.
# Calculate the products price per order
shipments_aux <- shipments %>%
separate_rows(packages) %>%
filter(!packages %in% c('oid', ':', '')) # Unnest and create one row per package
packages_aux <- packages %>%
separate_rows(products) %>%
filter(!products %in% c('oid', ':', '')) # Unnest and create on row per product
shipments_aux %>%
inner_join(packages_aux, by = c('packages' = 'X_id')) %>%
inner_join(products, by = c('products' = 'X_id')) %>%
filter(!is.na(price),
price > 0) %>% # remove products without price and that presents price equals to 0
group_by(X_id) %>%
summarise(total_price = sum(price)) %>%
plot_ly(y = ~total_price, type = 'box') %>%
layout(yaxis = list(title = 'Price per Shipment'),
xaxis = list(title = '',
showgrid = FALSE,
zeroline = FALSE,
showticklabels = FALSE),
title = 'Products Price per order')